// ==========================================================================
//                 SeqAn - The Library for Sequence Analysis
// ==========================================================================
// Copyright (c) 2006-2016, Knut Reinert, FU Berlin
// Copyright (c) 2013 NVIDIA Corporation
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
//       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
//       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Knut Reinert or the FU Berlin nor the names of
//       its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
//       from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
// ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL KNUT REINERT OR THE FU BERLIN BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
// DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
// SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
// CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
// LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
// OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
// DAMAGE.
//
// ==========================================================================
// Author: Jochen Singer <jochen.singer@fu-berlin.de>
// Author: Enrico Siragusa <enrico.siragusa@fu-berlin.de>
// ==========================================================================

//SEQAN_NO_DDDOC:do not generate documentation for this file

#ifndef INDEX_FM_SPARSE_STRING_H_
#define INDEX_FM_SPARSE_STRING_H_

namespace seqan {

// ==========================================================================
// Forwards
// ==========================================================================

template <typename TString, typename TSpec>
struct SparseString;

// ==========================================================================
// Tags
// ==========================================================================
/*!
 * @defgroup SparseStringFibres Sparse String Fibres
 * @brief Tag to select a specific fibre of a @link FMIndex @endlink.
 *
 * These tags can be used to get @link Fibre Fibres @endlink of a FM index.
 *
 * @see Fibre
 * @see SparseString#getFibre
 *
 * @tag SparseStringFibres#FibreValueString
 * @brief The String containing the stored values.
 *
 * @tag SparseStringFibres#FibreIndicatorString
 * @brief The string storing for each position if a value different from a default value is stored.
 */
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tag FibreValues
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct FibreValues_;
typedef Tag<FibreValues_>       const FibreValues;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tag FibreIndicators
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct FibreIndicators_;
typedef Tag<FibreIndicators_>   const FibreIndicators;

// ==========================================================================
// Metafunctions
// ==========================================================================

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Size
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct Size<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> > : Size<TFibreValues> {};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Value
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct Value<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >
{
    typedef typename Value<TFibreValues>::Type Type;
};

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct Value<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const> :
    Value<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> > {};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction GetValue
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct GetValue<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> > :
    Value<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> > {};

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct GetValue<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const> :
    Value<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const> {};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Reference
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct Reference<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >
{
    typedef typename Value<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >::Type Type;
};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction DefaultValue
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TSpec>
struct DefaultValue;

template <typename TSpec>
struct DefaultValue<TSpec const> :
    DefaultValue<TSpec> {};

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct DefaultValue<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >
{
    typedef typename GetValue<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const>::Type Type;
    static const Type VALUE = -1;
};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Fibre
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct Fibre<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, FibreValues>
{
    typedef TFibreValues Type;
};

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct Fibre<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, FibreIndicators>
{
    // NOTE(esiragusa): the CSA TConfig is not passed to the RD.
    typedef RankDictionary<bool, Levels<TSpec> > Type;
};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Iterator
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct Iterator<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, Standard>
{
    typedef Iter<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, PositionIterator> Type;
};

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct Iterator<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const, Standard>
{
    typedef Iter<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const, PositionIterator> Type;
};

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct Iterator<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, Rooted>:
    Iterator<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, Standard>{};

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
struct Iterator<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const, Rooted>:
    Iterator<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const, Standard>{};

// ==========================================================================
// Classes
// ==========================================================================

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Class SparseString
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// NOTE(esiragusa): Why is SparseString not a specialization of String?

/*!
 * @class SparseString
 * @headerfile <seqan/index.h>
 * @brief A string storing only a fraction of the values of the original string.
 *
 * @signature template <typename TValueString, typename TSpec>
 *            class SparseString;
 *
 * @tparam TSpec        The specialisation tag. Default: void.
 * @tparam TValueString The type of the @link String string @endlink containing the values.
 */

template <typename TValueString, typename TSpec = void>
struct SparseString
{
    typedef typename Fibre<SparseString, FibreValues>::Type         TFibreValues_;
    typedef typename Fibre<SparseString, FibreIndicators>::Type     TFibreIndicators_;
    typedef typename Size<SparseString>::Type                       TSize;

    TFibreValues_           values;
    TFibreIndicators_       indicators;
    TSize                   _length;

    SparseString() :
        _length(0)
    {}
};

// ==========================================================================
// Functions
// ==========================================================================

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec, typename TPos, typename TValue>
inline void _assignValueInValueString(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & string, TPos pos, TValue value)
{
    getFibre(string, FibreValues())[pos] = value;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function clear()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @fn SparseString#clear
 * @headerfile <seqan/index.h>
 * @brief Resets the @link SparseString @endlink.
 *
 * @signature void clear(sparseString);
 *
 * @param[in,out] sparseString The @link SparseString @endlink to be cleared.
 */

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline void clear(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & string)
{
    string._length = 0;
    clear(getFibre(string, FibreValues()));
    clear(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()));
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function empty()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * @fn SparseString#empty
 * @headerfile <seqan/index.h>
 * @brief Returns whether or not the @link SparseString @endlink is empty.
 *
 * @signature bool empty(sparseString);
 *
 * @param[in] sparseString The SparseString to be checked.
 *
 * @return bool <tt>true</tt> if there are no elements in the sparse string and <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
 */

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline bool empty(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const & string)
{
//    return empty(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()));
    return length(string) == 0;
}

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec, typename TPos>
inline bool _isContained(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const & string, TPos const & pos)
{
    return getValue(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()), pos);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function assignValue()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec, typename TPos, typename TValue>
inline void
assignValue(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & string, TPos pos, TValue value)
{
    if (!_isContained(string, pos))
        setValue(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()), pos, false);

    getFibre(string, FibreValues())[getRank(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()), pos) - 1] = value;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function getValue()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * @fn SparseString#getValue
 * @headerfile <seqan/index.h>
 * @brief Returns the value of a SparseString.
 *
 * @signature TValue getValue(sparseString, pos);
 *
 * @param[in] sparseString The @link SparseString @endlink.
 * @param[in] pos          The position at which a value should be assign to the sparse string.
 *                         Types: @link UnsignedIntegerConcept @endlink
 *
 * @return TValue The type @link GetValue @endlink of @link SparseString @endlink is returned.
 */

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec, typename TPos>
inline typename GetValue<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >::Type
getValue(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & string, TPos pos)
{
    if (_isContained(string, pos))
        return getValue(getFibre(string, FibreValues()), getRank(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()), pos) - 1);
    else
        return DefaultValue<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >::VALUE;
}

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec, typename TPos>
inline typename GetValue<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const>::Type
getValue(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const & string, TPos pos)
{
    if (_isContained(string, pos))
        return getValue(getFibre(string, FibreValues()), getRank(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()), pos) - 1);
    else
        return DefaultValue<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const>::VALUE;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function value()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * @fn SparseString#value
 * @headerfile <seqan/index.h>
 * @brief Returns the value of a @link SparseString @endlink.
 *
 * @signature TReference value(sparseString, pos);
 *
 * @param[in] sparseString The @link SparseString @endlink.
 * @param[in] pos          The position at which a value should be assign to the sparse string.
 *                         Types: @link UnsignedIntegerConcept @endlink
 *
 * @return TReference The type @link Reference @endlink of @link SparseString @endlink is returned.
 */

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec, typename TPos>
inline typename Reference<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >::Type
value(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & string, TPos pos)
{
    return getValue(string, pos);
}

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec, typename TPos>
inline typename Reference<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >::Type
value(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const & string, TPos pos)
{
    return getValue(string, pos);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function getFibre()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * @fn SparseString#getFibre
 * @headerfile <seqan/index.h>
 * @brief Returns a specific fibre of a @link SparseString @endlink.
 *
 * @signature TFibre getFibre(sparseString, fibreTag);
 *
 * @param[in] sparseString The sparseString holding the fibre.
 * @param[in] fibreTag     A tag that identifies the @link Fibre @endlink. Types:
 *                         @link SparseStringFibres SparseString Fibres @endlink
 *
 * @return TFibre A reference to the @link Fibre @endlink object.
 */

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline typename Fibre<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, FibreValues>::Type const &
getFibre(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const & sparseString, FibreValues)
{
    return sparseString.values;
}

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline typename Fibre<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, FibreValues>::Type &
getFibre(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & sparseString, FibreValues)
{
    return sparseString.values;
}

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline typename Fibre<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, FibreIndicators>::Type const &
getFibre(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const & sparseString, FibreIndicators)
{
    return sparseString.indicators;
}

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline typename Fibre<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, FibreIndicators>::Type &
getFibre(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & sparseString, FibreIndicators)
{
    return sparseString.indicators;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function length()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @fn SparseString#length
 * @headerfile <seqan/index.h>
 * @brief Returns the number of elements in the @link SparseString @endlink.
 *
 * @signature TSize length(sparseString);
 *
 * @param[in] sparseString The sparse string suffix array.
 *
 * @return TSize The number of elements in the sparse string array. Types: The result of @link Size @endlink of the
 *               sparse string.
 */


template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline typename Size<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const>::Type
length(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const & string)
{
    return string._length;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function resize()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// NOTE(esiragusa): This version of resize() was now working, therefore it was commented out.

//template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec, typename TSize, typename TValue, typename TExpand>
//inline typename Size<typename Fibre<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, FibreValues>::Type>::Type
//resize(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & string, TSize size, TValue value, Tag<TExpand> const tag)
//{
//    if (value != DefaultValue<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >::VALUE)
//    {
//        if (length(string) < size)
//            resize(getFibre(string, FibreValues()), length(getFibre(string, FibreValues())) + (size - length(string)), value, tag);
//        else
//            resize(getFibre(string, FibreValues()), getRank(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()), size), value, tag);
//
//        resize(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()), size, true, tag);
//    }
//
//    string._length = size;
//
//    return resize(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()), size, false);
//}

/*!
 * @fn SparseString#resize
 * @headerfile <seqan/index.h>
 * @brief Resets the number of elements in the compressed suffix array.
 *
 * @signature TSize resize(sparseString, newLength);
 *
 * @param[in,out] sparseString The sparse string.
 * @param[in]     newLength    The number of elements which should be stored in the  sparse string.  Types:
 *                             @link UnsignedIntegerConcept @endlink.
 *
 * @return TSize The number of elements in the  sparse string. Types: The result of @link Size @endlink of the
 *               sparse string.
 *
 * @note If the new length is smaller than the actual one then the last <tt>x<tt> items of the compressed suffix array
 *       are deleted with <tt>x = oldLength - newLength</tt>.
 */

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec, typename TSize, typename TExpand>
inline typename Size<typename Fibre<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec>, FibreValues>::Type>::Type
resize(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & string, TSize size, Tag<TExpand> tag)
{
//    return resize(string, size, DefaultValue<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >::VALUE, tag);

    string._length = size;
    return resize(getFibre(string, FibreIndicators()), size, tag);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function open()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * @fn SparseString#open
 * @headerfile <seqan/index.h>
 * @brief This functions open a sparse string from disk.
 *
 * @signature bool open(string, fileName[, openMode]);
 *
 * @param[in] string   The string to be opened. Types: SparseString
 * @param[in] fileName C-style character string containing the file name.
 * @param[in] openMode The combination of flags defining how the file should be
 *                     opened.  To open a file read-only, write-only or to read and
 *                     write use <tt>OPEN_RDONLY</tt>, <tt>OPEN_WRONLY</tt>, or
 *                     <tt>OPEN_RDWR</tt>.To create or overwrite a file add
 *                     <tt>OPEN_CREATE</tt>.  To append a file if existing add
 *                     <tt>OPEN_APPEND</tt>.  To circumvent problems, files are always
 *                     opened in binary mode.  Default: <tt>OPEN_RDWR | OPEN_CREATE |
 *                     OPEN_APPEND</tt>
 *
 * @return bool <tt>true</tt> on success.
 */

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline bool open(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & sparseString, const char * fileName, int openMode)
{
    String<char> name;

    // Length saved inside a .len file.
    name = fileName;
    append(name, ".len");
    if (!open(sparseString._length, toCString(name), openMode)) return false;

    // Values saved inside a .val file.
    name = fileName;
    append(name, ".val");
    if (!open(getFibre(sparseString, FibreValues()), toCString(name), openMode)) return false;

    // Indicators saved inside a .ind file.
    name = fileName;
    append(name, ".ind");
    if (!open(getFibre(sparseString, FibreIndicators()), toCString(name), openMode)) return false;

    return true;
}

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline bool open(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> & sparseString, const char * fileName)
{
    return open(sparseString, fileName, DefaultOpenMode<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >::VALUE);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function save()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * @fn SparseString#save
 *
 * @headerfile <seqan/index.h>
 *
 * @brief This functions saves a sparse string to disk.
 *
 * @signature bool save(string, fileName[, openMode]);
 *
 * @param[in] string   The string to be saved.  Types: SparseString
 * @param[in] fileName C-style character string containing the file name.
 * @param[in] openMode The combination of flags defining how the file should be
 *                     opened.  To open a file read-only, write-only or to read and
 *                     write use <tt>OPEN_RDONLY</tt>, <tt>OPEN_WRONLY</tt>, or
 *                     <tt>OPEN_RDWR</tt>.To create or overwrite a file add
 *                     <tt>OPEN_CREATE</tt>.  To append a file if existing add
 *                     <tt>OPEN_APPEND</tt>.  To circumvent problems, files are always
 *                     opened in binary mode.  Default: <tt>OPEN_RDWR | OPEN_CREATE |
 *                     OPEN_APPEND</tt>
 *
 * @return bool <tt>true</tt> on success.
 */
template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline bool save(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const & sparseString, const char * fileName)
{
    return save(sparseString, fileName, DefaultOpenMode<SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> >::VALUE);
}

template <typename TFibreValues, typename TSpec>
inline bool save(SparseString<TFibreValues, TSpec> const & sparseString, const char * fileName, int openMode)
{
    String<char> name;

    name = fileName;
    append(name, ".len");
    if (!save(length(sparseString), toCString(name), openMode)) return false;

    name = fileName;
    append(name, ".val");
    if (!save(getFibre(sparseString, FibreValues()), toCString(name), openMode)) return false;

    name = fileName;
    append(name, ".ind");
    if (!save(getFibre(sparseString, FibreIndicators()), toCString(name), openMode)) return false;

    return true;
}
// TODO(singer): setValue function

}
#endif // INDEX_FM_SPARSE_STRING_H_
