// ==========================================================================
//                 SeqAn - The Library for Sequence Analysis
// ==========================================================================
// Copyright (c) 2006-2016, Knut Reinert, FU Berlin
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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//       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
//       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Knut Reinert or the FU Berlin nor the names of
//       its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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//
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// DAMAGE.
//
// ==========================================================================
// Author: David Weese <david.weese@fu-berlin.de>
// ==========================================================================
// Utility code for enumerating all strings in edit or Hamming distance
// around a given string.
// ==========================================================================

// TODO(holtgrew): It would be nice if the maximal distance would be given as a run time parameter.
// TODO(holtgrew): Document iterator?

#ifndef SEQAN_INCLUDE_MISC_EDIT_ENVIRONMENT_H_
#define SEQAN_INCLUDE_MISC_EDIT_ENVIRONMENT_H_

namespace seqan {

// ==========================================================================
// Forwards
// ==========================================================================

template <typename TDistanceSpec, unsigned DISTANCE /*= 1*/>
struct EditEnvironment;

// ==========================================================================
// Tags, Classes, Enums
// ==========================================================================

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Class StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @class StringEnumerator
 * @headerfile <seqan/misc/edit_environment.h>
 * @brief Class to enumerate all strings within a given edit/Hamming distance.
 *
 * @signature template <typename TString, typename TSpec>
 *            class StringEnumerator<TString, TSpec>;
 *
 * @tparam TString Type of the string to enumerate the environment of.
 * @tparam TSpec   Specialization tag.
 *
 *
 * @fn StringEnumerator::StringEnumerator
 * @brief Constructor
 *
 * @signature StringEnumerator::StringEnumerator(string[, minDist]);
 *
 * @param[in] string  The string to use as the center. Types: <tt>TString</tt>.
 * @param[in] minDist The smallest distance to generate strings with.  Type: <tt>unsigned</tt>.   Default: 0
 *
 *
 * @var bool StringEnumerator::trim
 * @brief Indicate whether to ignore substitutions in first or last character of string in Levenshtein mode
 *        (optimization for approximate search).
 *
 * This is useful when searching for such enumerated strings in large texts.  Patterns with substitutions in the first
 * base would also be found.
 *
 * @section Examples
 *
 * @include demos/dox/misc/enumerate_strings.cpp
 *
 * @include demos/dox/misc/enumerate_strings.cpp.stdout
 */

/*!
 * @class HammingStringEnumerator
 * @extends StringEnumerator
 * @headerfile <seqan/misc/edit_environment.h>
 * @brief Enumerate all strings within a given edit distance of a "center string".
 *
 * @signature template <typename TString, unsigned DISTANCE>
 *            class StringEnumerator<TString, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >;
 *
 * @tparam TString  Type of the string to enumerate the environment of.
 * @tparam DISTANCE The maximal distance to generate strings with.
 *
 * See @link StringEnumerator @endlink for examples.
 */

/*!
 * @class LevenshteinStringEnumerator
 * @extends StringEnumerator
 * @headerfile <seqan/misc/edit_environment.h>
 * @brief Enumerate all strings within a given edit distance of a "center string" (of edit distance &lt; 3).
 *
 * @signature template <typename TString, unsigned DISTANCE>
 *            class StringEnumerator<TString, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >;
 *
 * @tparam TString  Type of the string to enumerate the environment of.
 * @tparam DISTANCE The maximal distance to generate strings with.
 *
 * See @link StringEnumerator @endlink for examples.
 *
 * @note The @link StringEnumerator#length LevenshteinStringEnumerator#length @endlink function does not work for
 *       <tt>DISTANCE &gt; 2</tt>.
 */

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
class StringEnumerator
{
public:
    Holder<TObject> data_host;
    unsigned        minDist;
    bool            trim;

    StringEnumerator(TObject & _original) : data_host(_original), minDist(0), trim(true)
    {}

    StringEnumerator(TObject & _original, unsigned _minDist) : data_host(_original), minDist(_minDist), trim(true)
    {}

    StringEnumerator(TObject const & _original) : data_host(_original), minDist(0), trim(true)
    {}

    StringEnumerator(TObject const & _original, unsigned _minDist) : data_host(_original), minDist(_minDist), trim(true)
    {}
};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Spec EditEnvironment Iter for Hamming Distance
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TSize>
struct StringEnumeratorHammingModifier_
{
    TSize       errorPos;           // position of substitution
    unsigned    character;          // replacement character
    unsigned    skipChar;           // skip the original character

    StringEnumeratorHammingModifier_() : errorPos(0), character(0), skipChar(0)
    {}
};

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
class Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard>
{
public:
    typedef typename Value<TObject>::Type           TValue;
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type            TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type       TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorHammingModifier_<TSignedSize> TModifier;

    TObject & orig;
//        typename RemoveConst_<TObject>::Type    tmp;
    String<TValue>                          tmp;

    TModifier   mod[DISTANCE];
    unsigned    minDist;
    bool        trim;

    Iter(TObject & _original) :
        orig(_original),
        minDist(0),
        trim(true)
    {
        goBegin(*this);
    }

    Iter(TObject & _original, unsigned _minDist, bool _trim) :
        orig(_original),
        minDist(_minDist),
        trim(_trim)
    {
        goBegin(*this);
    }

    Iter(TObject & _original, MinimalCtor) :
        orig(_original),
        minDist(0),
        trim(true) {}

    Iter(TObject & _original, unsigned _minDist, bool _trim, MinimalCtor) :
        orig(_original),
        minDist(_minDist),
        trim(_trim) {}
};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Spec EditEnvironment Iter for Edit Distance
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TSize>
struct StringEnumeratorLevenshteinModifier_
{
    enum TState {DISABLED_, SUBST_, DELETE_, INSERT_, Eof_};
    TSize       errorPosOrig;       // position of edit operation in original string
    TSize       errorPos;           // position of edit operation in modified string
    TSize       errorPosEnd;        // errorPos < errorPosEnd must be fulfilled
    unsigned    character;          // replacement character
    unsigned    skipChar;           // skip the original character
    TState      state;              // current state subst/insert before/delete

    StringEnumeratorLevenshteinModifier_() :
            errorPosOrig(0), errorPos(0), errorPosEnd(0), character(0), skipChar(0), state(DISABLED_)
    {}
};

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
class Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard>
{
public:
    typedef typename Value<TObject>::Type               TValue;
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type           TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorLevenshteinModifier_<TSignedSize> TModifier;

    TObject & orig;
//        typename RemoveConst_<TObject>::Type    tmp;
    String<TValue>                          tmp;

    TModifier   mod[DISTANCE + 1];
    unsigned    minDist;
    unsigned    currentDistance;            // upper bound for dist(original, *this)
    bool        trim;

    Iter(TObject & _original) :
        orig(_original),
        minDist(0),
        currentDistance(0),
        trim(true)
    {
        goBegin(*this);
    }

    Iter(TObject & _original, unsigned _minDist, bool _trim) :
        orig(_original),
        minDist(_minDist),
        currentDistance(0),
        trim(_trim)
    {
        goBegin(*this);
    }

    Iter(TObject & _original, MinimalCtor) :
        orig(_original),
        minDist(0),
        currentDistance(0),
        trim(true) {}

    Iter(TObject & _original, unsigned _minDist, bool _trim, MinimalCtor) :
        orig(_original),
        minDist(_minDist),
        currentDistance(0),
        trim(_trim) {}

    inline bool _reinit(int pos, int posOrig)
    {
        tmp = orig;
        int posOrigEnd = length(tmp);
        typename TModifier::TState lastState = TModifier::DISABLED_;
        // i from high to low  =  modifier from left to right
        for (int i = currentDistance - 1; i >= 0; --i)
        {
            TModifier & _mod = mod[i];
            switch (_mod.state)
            {
            case TModifier::SUBST_:
                // INSERT+SUBST is SUBST+INSERT (already enumerated)
                // DELETE+SUBST is SUBST+DELETE (already enumerated)
                // eventually trim front SUBSTs
                if (lastState == TModifier::INSERT_ || lastState == TModifier::DELETE_ ||
                    (trim && posOrig == 0))
                {
                    ++posOrig;
                    ++pos;
                }
                if (posOrig >= posOrigEnd)
                    return false;

                _mod.errorPosOrig = posOrig;
                _mod.errorPos = pos;
                _mod.skipChar = ordValue(orig[posOrig]);
                _mod.character = (0 == _mod.skipChar) ? 1 : 0;
                assignValue(tmp, pos, (TValue) _mod.character);
                ++pos;
                ++posOrig;
                break;

            case TModifier::DELETE_:
                // INSERT after DELETE is one SUBST (already enumerated)
                if (lastState == TModifier::INSERT_)
                {
                    ++posOrig;
                    ++pos;
                }
                if (posOrig >= posOrigEnd)
                    return false;

                _mod.errorPosOrig = posOrig;
                _mod.errorPos = pos;
                _mod.character = ValueSize<TValue>::VALUE - 1;
                _mod.skipChar = -1;
                ++posOrig;
                erase(tmp, pos);
                break;

            case TModifier::INSERT_:
            default:
                // DELETE after INSERT is one SUBST (already enumerated)
                // eventually trim front SUBSTs
                if (lastState == TModifier::DELETE_ || (trim && posOrig == 0))
                {
                    ++posOrig;
                    ++pos;
                }
                if (posOrig > posOrigEnd)
                    return false;

                _mod.errorPosOrig = posOrig;
                _mod.errorPos = pos;
                _mod.character = 0;
                _mod.skipChar = -1;
                insertValue(tmp, pos, (TValue)0);
                ++pos;
                break;
            }
            lastState = _mod.state;
        }

        pos = length(tmp);
        bool cut = trim;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < currentDistance; ++i)
        {
            TModifier & _mod = mod[i];
            if (_mod.state != TModifier::DELETE_)
            {
                if (cut)
                {
                    if (_mod.errorPos >= (TSignedSize)(pos - 1))
                        return false;

                    _mod.errorPosEnd = pos - 1;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (_mod.errorPos >= (TSignedSize)pos)
                        return false;

                    _mod.errorPosEnd = pos;
                }
                --pos;
            }
            else
            {
                cut = false;
                if (_mod.errorPos > (TSignedSize)pos)
                    return false;

                _mod.errorPosEnd = pos + 1;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

};

// ==========================================================================
// Metafunctions
// ==========================================================================

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Value                                        StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @mfn StringEnumerator#Value
 * @brief Return value type of the string to enumerate.
 *
 * @signature Value<TStringEnumerator>::Type;
 */

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
struct Value<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> > : Value<TObject>
{};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Reference                                    StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @mfn StringEnumerator#Reference
 * @brief Returns reference type of the enumerated strings.
 *
 * @signature Reference<TStringEnumerator>::Type;
 */

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
struct Reference<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> >
{
    typedef TObject & Type;
};

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
struct Reference<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> const>
{
    typedef TObject const & Type;
};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Size                                         StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @mfn StringEnumerator#Size
 * @brief Returns size type.
 *
 * @signature Size<TStringEnumerator>::Type;
 */

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
struct Size<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> > : Size<TObject>
{};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Difference                                   StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @mfn StringEnumerator#Difference
 * @brief Returns difference type.
 *
 * @signature Difference<TStringEnumerator>::Type;
 */

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
struct Difference<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> > : Difference<TObject>
{};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Position                                     StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @mfn StringEnumerator#Position
 * @brief Returns position type.
 *
 * @signature Position<TStringEnumerator>::Type;
 */

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
struct Position<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> > : Position<TObject>
{};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Iterator                                     StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @mfn StringEnumerator#Iterator
 * @brief Returns iterator type.
 *
 * @signature Position<TStringEnumerator, TSpec>::Type;
 */

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
struct Iterator<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard>
{
    typedef Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard> Type;
};

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
struct Iterator<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> const, Standard>
{
    typedef Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard> Type;
};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metafunction Host                                         StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @mfn StringEnumerator#Host
 * @brief Returns host type.
 *
 * @signature Host<TStringEnumerator>::Type;
 */

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
struct Host<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> >
{
    typedef TObject Type;
};

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
struct Host<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> const>
{
    typedef TObject const Type;
};

// ==========================================================================
// Functions
// ==========================================================================

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function _dataHost()                                      StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TText, typename TSpec>
inline Holder<TText> &
_dataHost(StringEnumerator<TText, TSpec> & enumerator)
{
    return enumerator.data_host;
}

template <typename TText, typename TSpec>
inline Holder<TText> const &
_dataHost(StringEnumerator<TText, TSpec> const & enumerator)
{
    return enumerator.data_host;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function begin()                                          StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @fn StringEnumerator#begin
 * @brief Return begin iterator.
 *
 * @signature TIter begin(stringEnum[, tag]);
 *
 * @param[in] stringEnum StringEnumerator to query.
 * @param[in] tag        Iterator tag to use.
 *
 * @return TIter Iterator to the first string in the enumerator.
 */

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
inline Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard>
begin(StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> & enumerator, Standard)
{
    return Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard>(host(enumerator), enumerator.minDist, enumerator.trim);
}

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
inline Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard>
begin(StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> const & enumerator, Standard)
{
    return Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard>(host(enumerator), enumerator.minDist, enumerator.trim);
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function end()                                            StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @fn StringEnumerator#end
 * @brief Return end iterator.
 *
 * @signature TIter end(stringEnum[, tag]);
 *
 * @param[in] stringEnum StringEnumerator to query.
 * @param[in] tag        Iterator tag to use.
 *
 * @return TIter End iterator for the string enumerator.
 */

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
inline Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard>
end(StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> & enumerator, Standard)
{
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard> iter(host(enumerator), enumerator.minDist, enumerator.trim, MinimalCtor());
    goEnd(iter);
    return iter;
}

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
inline Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard>
end(StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec> const & enumerator, Standard)
{
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard> iter(host(enumerator), enumerator.minDist, enumerator.trim, MinimalCtor());
    goEnd(iter);
    return iter;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function length()                                 Hamming StringEnumerator
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*!
 * @fn StringEnumerator#length
 * @brief Return number of strings that will be enumerated.
 *
 * @signature TSize length(stringEnum);
 *
 * @param[in] stringEnum StringEnumerator to query.
 *
 * @return TSize The number of elements in the enumerator  (Metafunction: @link StringEnumerator#Size @endlink).
 */

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline typename Size<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> > >::Type
length(StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> > const & me)
{
    typedef typename Value<TObject>::Type TValue;
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type  TSize;

    static const unsigned alphabetSize = ValueSize<TValue>::VALUE;
    TSize sum = 0;
    TSize numerator = 1;
    TSize alpha = 1;
    TSize divisor = 1;

    for (unsigned i = 0; i <= DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        if (i >= me.minDist)
            sum += alpha * (numerator / divisor);

        divisor     *= i + 1;
        numerator   *= length(host(me)) - i;
        alpha       *= alphabetSize - 1;
    }

    return sum;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function operator*()                                 StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
inline TObject const &
operator*(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard> & it)
{
    return it.tmp;
}

template <typename TObject, typename TSpec>
inline TObject const &
operator*(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, TSpec>, Standard> const & it)
{
    return it.tmp;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function goBegin()                           Hamming StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline void
goBegin(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> & it)
{
    typedef typename Value<TObject>::Type                   TValue;
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                    TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type               TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorHammingModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    if (empty(it.orig) || it.minDist > DISTANCE || it.minDist > length(it.orig))
    {
        goEnd(it);
        return;
    }

    it.tmp = it.orig;

    unsigned i = 0;
    unsigned mDist = it.minDist;

    if (mDist > length(it.orig))
        mDist = length(it.orig);

    if (mDist == 0)
    {
        it.mod[0].errorPos = 0;
        it.mod[0].skipChar = -1;
        it.mod[0].character = 0;
        assignValue(it.tmp, 0, (TValue) 0);
        i = 1;
    }
    else
        for (; i < mDist; ++i)
        {
            TModifier & mod = it.mod[i];
            mod.errorPos = (mDist - 1) - i;
            mod.skipChar = ordValue(it.orig[mod.errorPos]);
            mod.character = (0 == mod.skipChar) ? 1 : 0;
            assignValue(it.tmp, mod.errorPos, (TValue) mod.character);
        }
    for (; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        TModifier & mod = it.mod[i];
        mod.errorPos = -1;
        mod.character = 0;
        mod.skipChar = -1;
    }
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function atBegin()                           Hamming StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline void
atBegin(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & it)
{
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> tmp(it.orig, it.minDist, it.trim);
    return tmp == it;
}

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline bool
atBegin(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> & it)
{
    return atBegin(const_cast<Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const &>(it));
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function goEnd()                             StringEnumerator Iter Hamming
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline void
goEnd(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> & it)
{
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                    TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type               TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorHammingModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        TModifier & mod = it.mod[i];
        mod.errorPos = -1;
        mod.character = 0;
    }
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function atEnd()                             Hamming StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline bool
atEnd(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & it)
{
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                    TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type               TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorHammingModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        TModifier const & mod = it.mod[i];
        if (mod.errorPos != (TSignedSize) - 1 || mod.character != 0u)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline bool
atEnd(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> & it)
{
    return atEnd(const_cast<Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const &>(it));
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function operator++()                        Hamming StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> &
operator++(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> & it)
{
    typedef typename Value<TObject>::Type                   TValue;
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                    TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type               TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorHammingModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    for (unsigned i = 0; true; )
    {
        TModifier * mod = &it.mod[i];

        // next replacement value
        if (++mod->character < ValueSize<TValue>::VALUE)
        {
            // output the original tuple only once
            if (mod->character == mod->skipChar)
                continue;
            assignValue(it.tmp, mod->errorPos, (TValue) mod->character);
            break;
        }
        mod->character = (0 == mod->skipChar) ? 1 : 0;
        assignValue(it.tmp, mod->errorPos, (TValue) mod->character);

        if (++i == DISTANCE || (mod + 1)->errorPos == (TSignedSize) - 1)
        {
            for (i = 0; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
            {
                mod = &it.mod[i];

                // restore char at old position
                if (mod->errorPos >= 0)
                {
                    // std::cout << "org" << it.orig << "  tmp" << it.tmp << " ___  ";
                    assignValue(it.tmp, mod->errorPos, it.orig[mod->errorPos]);
                    // std::cout << "org" << it.orig << "  tmp" << it.tmp << std::endl;
                }

                // next error position
                if (++(mod->errorPos) < (TSignedSize)(length(it.tmp) - i))
                {
                    mod->skipChar = ordValue(it.orig[mod->errorPos]);
                    mod->character = (0 == mod->skipChar) ? 1 : 0;
                    assignValue(it.tmp, mod->errorPos, (TValue) mod->character);

                    for (; i > 0; )
                    {
                        it.mod[i - 1].errorPos = mod->errorPos + 1;
                        mod = &it.mod[--i];
                        mod->skipChar = ordValue(it.orig[mod->errorPos]);
                        mod->character = (0 == mod->skipChar) ? 1 : 0;
                        assignValue(it.tmp, mod->errorPos, (TValue) mod->character);
                    }
                    return it;
                }
            }
            // end
            for (i = 0; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
            {
                mod = &it.mod[i];
                mod->errorPos = -1;
                mod->character = 0;
            }
            return it;
        }
    }
    return it;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function goBegin()                       Levensthein StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline void
goBegin(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> & it)
{
    typedef typename Value<TObject>::Type                       TValue;
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                        TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type                   TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorLevenshteinModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    if (empty(it.orig) || it.minDist > DISTANCE || it.minDist > length(it.orig))
    {
        goEnd(it);
        return;
    }

    it.tmp = it.orig;
    for (unsigned i = 0; i <= DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        it.mod[i].errorPosOrig = -1;
        it.mod[i].errorPos = -1;
        it.mod[i].errorPosEnd = -1;
        it.mod[i].character = ValueSize<TValue>::VALUE - 1;
        it.mod[i].state = TModifier::DISABLED_;
    }
    it.currentDistance = it.minDist;
    if (!it._reinit(0, 0))
        goEnd(it);
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function goEnd()                         Levensthein StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline void
goEnd(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> & it)
{
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                        TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type                   TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorLevenshteinModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        TModifier & mod = it.mod[i];
        mod.errorPos = -1;
        mod.character = 0;
        mod.state = TModifier::SUBST_;
    }
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function atEnd()                                Edit StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline bool
atEnd(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & it)
{
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                        TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type                   TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorLevenshteinModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        TModifier const & mod = it.mod[i];
        if (mod.errorPos != -1 || mod.character != 0u || mod.state != TModifier::SUBST_)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline bool
atEnd(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> & it)
{
    return atEnd(const_cast<Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const &>(it));
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function operator++()                    Levensthein StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> &
operator++(Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> & it)
{
    typedef typename Value<TObject>::Type                       TValue;
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                        TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type                   TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorLevenshteinModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;
    typedef typename TModifier::TState                          TState;

    // increment characters
    TModifier * mod = it.mod;
    do
    {
        // next replacement/insert value (loop core)
        if (++(mod->character) < ValueSize<TValue>::VALUE)
        {
            // output the original tuple only once
            if (mod->character == mod->skipChar)
                continue;
            if (mod->errorPos >= 0)
                assignValue(it.tmp, mod->errorPos, (TValue) mod->character);
            return it;
        }

        // reset counter
        if (mod->state != mod->DELETE_)
        {
            mod->character = (0 == mod->skipChar) ? 1 : 0;
            if (mod->errorPos >= 0)
                assignValue(it.tmp, mod->errorPos, (TValue) mod->character);
        }

        // next modifier
        ++mod;
    }
    while (mod->state != TModifier::DISABLED_);

    // increment positions
    mod = it.mod;
    do
    {
        // restore char at old position
        if (mod->errorPos >= 0 && static_cast<unsigned>(mod->errorPos) < length(it.tmp))
            assignValue(it.tmp, mod->errorPos, it.orig[mod->errorPosOrig]);

//                    int iMax = (TSignedSize)(length(it.tmp) - i);
//                    if (mod->state == mod->INSERT_) ++iMax;

        // next error position
        if (++(mod->errorPos) < mod->errorPosEnd)
        {
            ++(mod->errorPosOrig);

            // set next char
            if (mod == it.mod) // for the first modifier we use an optimization
            {
                if (mod->state != mod->DELETE_)
                {
                    if (mod->state == mod->SUBST_)
                        mod->skipChar = ordValue(it.orig[mod->errorPosOrig]);
                    else
                        mod->skipChar = -1;
                    mod->character = (0 == mod->skipChar) ? 1 : 0;
                    assignValue(it.tmp, mod->errorPos, (TValue) mod->character);
                }
            }
            else if (!it._reinit(mod->errorPos, mod->errorPosOrig))
                break;

            return it;
        }
        ++mod;
    }
    while (mod->state != TModifier::DISABLED_);

    // increment states
    mod = it.mod;
    TModifier * modEnd = mod + DISTANCE;
    do
    {
        // next edit state (subst->delete->insert)
        if (mod->state != mod->INSERT_)
        {
            mod->state = (TState)(mod->state + 1);
            if (mod->state == TModifier::SUBST_)
                ++it.currentDistance;

            if (!it._reinit(0, 0))
            {
                mod = it.mod;
                continue;
            }
            return it;
        }
        else
            mod->state = mod->SUBST_;
        ++mod;
    }
    while (mod != modEnd);

    // end
    goEnd(it);
    return it;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function length()                        Levensthein StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline typename Size<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> > >::Type
length(StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> > const & me)
{
    typedef typename Value<TObject>::Type TValue;
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type TSize;

    static const unsigned alpha = ValueSize<TValue>::VALUE;
    TSize sum = 0;
    // TSize numerator = 1;
    // TSize divisor = 1;
    TSize len = length(host(me));

    if (me.minDist == 0 && len > 0)
        ++sum;

    if (me.minDist <= 1 && DISTANCE >= 1)
    {
        if (me.trim)
        {
            if (len > 2)
                sum += (alpha - 1) * (len - 2);                 // substitutions
            sum += len;                                         // deletions
            if (len > 1)
                sum += alpha * (len - 1);                       // inserts
        }
        else
        {
            sum += (alpha - 1) * len;                           // substitutions
            sum += len;                                         // deletions
            sum += alpha * (len + 1);                           // inserts
        }
    }

    if (me.minDist <= 2 && DISTANCE >= 2)
    {
        if (me.trim)
        {
            sum += (alpha  - 1) * (alpha - 1) *  len      * (len - 1) / 2;      // subst^2
            sum += (alpha  - 1)               * (len - 1) * (len - 1);          // subst*del
            sum += (alpha  - 1) *  alpha      *  len      * (len + 1);          // subst*ins
            sum +=                               len      * (len - 1) / 2;      // del^2
            sum +=  alpha       *  alpha      * (len + 1) * (len + 1) / 2;      // ins^2
        }
        else
        {
            sum += (alpha  - 1) * (alpha - 1) *  len      * (len - 1) / 2;      // subst^2
            sum += (alpha  - 1)               * (len - 1) * (len - 1);          // subst*del
            sum += (alpha  - 1) *  alpha      *  len      * (len + 1);          // subst*ins
            sum +=                               len      * (len - 1) / 2;      // del^2
            sum +=  alpha       *  alpha      * (len + 1) * (len + 1) / 2;      // ins^2
        }
    }

    // TODO: length function for DISTANCE >= 3 (if anyone needs should this)
    if (DISTANCE > 2u)
        SEQAN_FAIL("length() not implemented for DISTANCE >= 3!");

    return sum;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function operator==()                        Hamming StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline bool
operator==(
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & a,
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & b)
{
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                    TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type               TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorHammingModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    if (&a.orig != &b.orig)
        return false;

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        TModifier const & modA = a.mod[i];
        TModifier const & modB = b.mod[i];
        if (modA.errorPos != modB.errorPos || modA.character != modB.character)
            return false;
    }

    return true;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function operator!=()                        Hamming StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline bool
operator!=(
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & a,
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<HammingDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & b)
{
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                    TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type               TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorHammingModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    if (&a.orig != &b.orig)
        return true;

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        TModifier const & modA = a.mod[i];
        TModifier const & modB = b.mod[i];
        if (modA.errorPos != modB.errorPos || modA.character != modB.character)
            return true;
    }

    return false;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function operator==()                    Levensthein StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline bool
operator==(
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & a,
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & b)
{
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                        TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type                   TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorLevenshteinModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    if (&a.orig != &b.orig)
        return false;

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        TModifier const & modA = a.mod[i];
        TModifier const & modB = b.mod[i];
        if (modA.errorPos != modB.errorPos ||
            modA.character != modB.character ||
            modA.state != modB.state)
            return false;
    }

    return true;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function operator!=()                    Levenshtein StringEnumerator Iter
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------

template <typename TObject, unsigned DISTANCE>
inline bool
operator!=(
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & a,
    Iter<StringEnumerator<TObject, EditEnvironment<LevenshteinDistance, DISTANCE> >, Standard> const & b)
{
    typedef typename Size<TObject>::Type                        TSize;
    typedef typename MakeSigned_<TSize>::Type                   TSignedSize;
    typedef StringEnumeratorLevenshteinModifier_<TSignedSize>   TModifier;

    if (&a.orig != &b.orig)
        return true;

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < DISTANCE; ++i)
    {
        TModifier const & modA = a.mod[i];
        TModifier const & modB = b.mod[i];
        if (modA.errorPos != modB.errorPos ||
            modA.character != modB.character ||
            modA.state != modB.state)
            return true;
    }

    return false;
}

}  // namespace seqan

#endif  // #ifndef SEQAN_INCLUDE_MISC_EDIT_ENVIRONMENT_H_

//  LocalWords:  StringEnumerator
