// -*- tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=2 sts=2:
#ifndef DUNE_ALU3DGRIDGRID_HH
#define DUNE_ALU3DGRIDGRID_HH

//- System includes
#include <vector>

//- Dune includes
#include <dune/grid/utility/grapedataioformattypes.hh>
#include <dune/grid/common/capabilities.hh>
#include <dune/grid/alugrid/common/interfaces.hh>
#include <dune/common/bigunsignedint.hh>
#include <dune/common/static_assert.hh>

#include <dune/geometry/referenceelements.hh>

#include <dune/grid/common/grid.hh>
#include <dune/grid/alugrid/common/defaultindexsets.hh>
#include <dune/grid/common/sizecache.hh>
#include <dune/grid/alugrid/common/intersectioniteratorwrapper.hh>
#include <dune/grid/common/datahandleif.hh>
#include <dune/grid/common/defaultgridview.hh>

// bnd projection stuff
#include <dune/grid/common/boundaryprojection.hh>
#include <dune/grid/alugrid/common/bndprojection.hh>
#include <dune/grid/alugrid/common/objectfactory.hh>
#include <dune/grid/alugrid/common/backuprestore.hh>

//- Local includes
#include "alu3dinclude.hh"
#include "topology.hh"
#include "indexsets.hh"
#include "datahandle.hh"

#include <dune/grid/alugrid/3d/lbdatahandle.hh>

#include <dune/common/parallel/mpihelper.hh>

#if ALU3DGRID_PARALLEL
#include <dune/common/parallel/mpicollectivecommunication.hh>
#else
#include <dune/common/parallel/collectivecommunication.hh>
#endif

namespace Dune
{

  // Forward declarations
  template<int cd, int dim, class GridImp>
  class ALU3dGridEntity;
  template<int cd, PartitionIteratorType pitype, class GridImp >
  class ALU3dGridLevelIterator;
  template<int cd, class GridImp >
  class ALU3dGridEntityPointerBase;
  template<int cd, class GridImp >
  class ALU3dGridEntitySeed;
  template<int cd, class GridImp >
  class ALU3dGridEntityPointer;
  template<int mydim, int coorddim, class GridImp>
  class ALU3dGridGeometry;
  template<class GridImp>
  class ALU3dGridHierarchicIterator;
  template<class GridImp>
  class ALU3dGridIntersectionIterator;
  template<class GridImp>
  class ALU3dGridLevelIntersectionIterator;
  template<int codim, PartitionIteratorType pitype, class GridImp>
  class ALU3dGridLeafIterator;
  template <int mydim, int coorddim, class GridImp>
  class ALU3dGridMakeableEntity;
  template <class GridImp>
  class ALU3dGridFaceGeometryInfo;
  template< ALU3dGridElementType, class >
  class ALU3dGridGlobalIdSet;
  template< ALU3dGridElementType, class >
  class ALU3dGridLocalIdSet;
  template< ALU3dGridElementType, class >
  class ALU3dGridHierarchicIndexSet;
  template <class EntityImp>
  class ALUMemoryProvider;
  template< class >
  class ALU3dGridFactory;
  template <class GridImp, class GeometryImp, int nChild>
  class ALULocalGeometryStorage;
  template< ALU3dGridElementType elType, class Comm >
  struct ALU3dGridCommHelper;



  // Internal Forward Declarations
  // -----------------------------

#if ALU3DGRID_PARALLEL
  template< ALU3dGridElementType elType, class Comm = MPI_Comm >
  class ALU3dGrid;
#else // #if ALU3DGRID_PARALLEL
  template< ALU3dGridElementType elType, class Comm = No_Comm >
  class ALU3dGrid;
#endif // #else // #if ALU3DGRID_PARALLEL

  template < class Comm >
  struct ALUGridBaseGrid< 3, 3, cube, Comm >
  {
    typedef ALU3dGrid< hexa, Comm >  BaseGrid ;
  };

  template < class Comm>
  struct ALUGridBaseGrid< 3, 3, simplex, Comm >
  {
    typedef ALU3dGrid< tetra, Comm >  BaseGrid ;
  };



  // ALU3dGridCommunications
  // -----------------------
  struct ALU3dGridCommunicationsBase
  {
    template < class GitterImpl >
    void checkForConformingRefinement( GitterImpl* grid,
                                       const bool conformingRefinement )
    {
#ifdef ALUGRID_3D_CONFORMING_REFINEMENT
      if( grid && conformingRefinement )
      {
        grid->enableConformingClosure();
        grid->disableGhostCells();
      }
#endif
    }
  };


  template< ALU3dGridElementType elType, class Comm >
  struct ALU3dGridCommunications;

  template< ALU3dGridElementType elType >
  struct ALU3dGridCommunications< elType, No_Comm > : public ALU3dGridCommunicationsBase
  {
    using ALU3dGridCommunicationsBase :: checkForConformingRefinement ;

    typedef ALU3dGridLocalIdSet< elType, No_Comm > GlobalIdSet;
    typedef int GlobalId;

    typedef ALU3DSPACE GitterDuneImpl GitterImplType;

    typedef Dune::CollectiveCommunication< No_Comm > CollectiveCommunication;

    explicit ALU3dGridCommunications ( No_Comm comm ) {}

    int nlinks () const { return 0; }

    GitterImplType *createALUGrid ( const std::string &macroName, ALU3DSPACE ProjectVertex *projection,
                                    const bool conformingRefinement )
    {
      GitterImplType* grid = ( macroName.empty() ) ?
                             new GitterImplType() : new GitterImplType ( macroName.c_str(), projection );
      // check whether conforming refinement should be enabled
      checkForConformingRefinement( grid, conformingRefinement );
      return grid ;
    }

    GitterImplType *createALUGrid ( std::istream& stream, ALU3DSPACE ProjectVertex *projection,
                                    const bool conformingRefinement )
    {
#ifdef ALUGRID_CONSTRUCTION_WITH_STREAMS
      GitterImplType* grid = new GitterImplType ( stream, projection );
      // check whether conforming refinement should be enabled
      checkForConformingRefinement( grid, conformingRefinement );
      return grid ;
#else
      return 0;
#endif
    }

    static No_Comm defaultComm () { return No_Comm(); }

    static int getRank ( No_Comm comm ) { return 0; }

    static typename ALU3DSPACE Gitter::Geometric::BuilderIF &getBuilder ( GitterImplType &grid )
    {
      ALU3DSPACE Gitter::Geometric::BuilderIF* builder =
        dynamic_cast< ALU3DSPACE Gitter::Geometric::BuilderIF* >( &grid.container() );
      if( ! builder )
        DUNE_THROW(InvalidStateException,"dynamic_cast of ALUGrid builder failed");
      return *builder;
    }

    static void duneNotifyMacroGridChanges ( GitterImplType &grid ) {}

    CollectiveCommunication ccobj_;
  };

#if ALU3DGRID_PARALLEL
  template< ALU3dGridElementType elType >
  struct ALU3dGridCommunications< elType, MPI_Comm > : public ALU3dGridCommunicationsBase
  {
    using ALU3dGridCommunicationsBase :: checkForConformingRefinement ;

    typedef ALU3dGridGlobalIdSet< elType, MPI_Comm > GlobalIdSet;
    typedef ALUGridId< ALUMacroKey > GlobalId;

    typedef ALU3DSPACE GitterDunePll GitterImplType;

    typedef Dune::CollectiveCommunication< MPI_Comm > CollectiveCommunication;

    explicit ALU3dGridCommunications ( MPI_Comm comm )
      : ccobj_( comm ), mpAccess_( comm )
    {}

    int nlinks () const { return mpAccess_.nlinks(); }

    GitterImplType *createALUGrid ( const std::string &macroName, ALU3DSPACE ProjectVertex *projection,
                                    const bool conformingRefinement )
    {
      GitterImplType* grid = new GitterImplType( macroName.c_str(), mpAccess_, projection );
      // check whether conforming refinement should be enabled
      checkForConformingRefinement( grid, conformingRefinement );
      return grid;
    }

    GitterImplType *createALUGrid ( std::istream& stream, ALU3DSPACE ProjectVertex *projection,
                                    const bool conformingRefinement )
    {
#ifdef ALUGRID_CONSTRUCTION_WITH_STREAMS
      GitterImplType* grid = new GitterImplType ( stream, mpAccess_, projection );
      // check whether conforming refinement should be enabled
      checkForConformingRefinement( grid, conformingRefinement );
      return grid ;
#else
      return 0;
#endif
    }

    static MPI_Comm defaultComm () { return MPI_COMM_WORLD; }

    static int getRank ( MPI_Comm comm )
    {
      int rank = 0;
      MPI_Comm_rank( comm, &rank );
      return rank;
    }

    static typename ALU3DSPACE Gitter::Geometric::BuilderIF &getBuilder ( GitterImplType &grid )
    {
      ALU3DSPACE Gitter::Geometric::BuilderIF* builder =
        dynamic_cast< ALU3DSPACE Gitter::Geometric::BuilderIF* >( &grid.containerPll() );
      if( ! builder )
        DUNE_THROW(InvalidStateException,"dynamic_cast of ALUGrid builder failed");
      return *builder;
    }

    static void duneNotifyMacroGridChanges ( GitterImplType &grid )
    {
      grid.duneNotifyMacroGridChanges();
    }

    CollectiveCommunication ccobj_;
    ALU3DSPACE MpAccessMPI mpAccess_;
  };
#endif // #if ALU3DGRID_PARALLEL



  // ALU3dGridFamily
  // ---------------

  template< ALU3dGridElementType elType, class Comm >
  struct ALU3dGridFamily
  {
    typedef ALU3dGrid< elType, Comm > GridImp;
    typedef ALU3dGridFamily< elType, Comm > GridFamily;

    static const int dim = 3;
    static const int dimworld = 3;

    //! Type of the local id set
    typedef ALU3dGridLocalIdSet< elType, Comm > LocalIdSetImp;

    //! Type of the global id set
    typedef typename ALU3dGridCommunications< elType, Comm >::GlobalIdSet GlobalIdSetImp;

    //! type of ALU3dGrids global id
    typedef typename ALU3dGridCommunications< elType, Comm >::GlobalId GlobalIdType;

    //! type of ALU3dGrids local id
    typedef int LocalIdType;

    struct Traits
    {
      //! type of ALU3dGrids local id
      typedef typename GridFamily::LocalIdType LocalIdType;

      //! type of ALU3dGrids global id
      typedef typename GridFamily::GlobalIdType GlobalIdType;

      typedef typename GridFamily::GridImp Grid;

      typedef Dune::Intersection< const Grid, LeafIntersectionWrapper< const Grid > > LeafIntersection;
      typedef Dune::Intersection< const Grid, LevelIntersectionWrapper< const Grid > > LevelIntersection;

      typedef Dune::IntersectionIterator< const Grid, LeafIntersectionIteratorWrapper< const Grid >, LeafIntersectionWrapper< const Grid > > IntersectionIterator;

      typedef Dune::IntersectionIterator< const Grid, LeafIntersectionIteratorWrapper< const Grid >, LeafIntersectionWrapper< const Grid > > LeafIntersectionIterator;
      typedef Dune::IntersectionIterator< const Grid, LevelIntersectionIteratorWrapper< const Grid >, LevelIntersectionWrapper< const Grid > > LevelIntersectionIterator;

      typedef Dune::EntityIterator< 0, const Grid, ALU3dGridHierarchicIterator< const Grid > > HierarchicIterator;

      typedef DuneBoundaryProjection< dimworld > DuneBoundaryProjectionType;
      typedef std::vector< const DuneBoundaryProjectionType * > DuneBoundaryProjectionVector;

      template< int cd >
      struct Codim
      {
        // IMPORTANT: Codim<codim>::Geometry == Geometry<dim-codim,dimw>
        typedef ALU3dGridGeometry< dim-cd, dimworld, const Grid > GeometryImpl;
        typedef ALU3dGridGeometry< dim-cd, dim, const Grid > LocalGeometryImpl;
        typedef Dune::Geometry< dim-cd, dimworld, const Grid, ALU3dGridGeometry > Geometry;
        typedef Dune::Geometry< dim-cd, dim, const Grid, ALU3dGridGeometry > LocalGeometry;

        typedef Dune::Entity< cd, dim, const Grid, ALU3dGridEntity > Entity;

        // minimal information to generate entities
        typedef ALU3dGridEntitySeed< cd , const Grid> EntitySeed ;

        typedef ALU3dGridEntityPointer< cd, const Grid > EntityPointerImpl;
        typedef Dune::EntityPointer< const Grid, EntityPointerImpl > EntityPointer;

        template< PartitionIteratorType pitype >
        struct Partition
        {
          typedef Dune::EntityIterator< cd, const Grid, ALU3dGridLevelIterator< cd, pitype, const Grid > > LevelIterator;
          typedef Dune::EntityIterator< cd, const Grid, ALU3dGridLeafIterator< cd, pitype, const Grid > > LeafIterator;
        }; // struct Partition

        typedef typename Partition< All_Partition >::LevelIterator LevelIterator;
        typedef typename Partition< All_Partition >::LeafIterator LeafIterator;
      }; // struct Codim

      template< PartitionIteratorType pitype >
      struct Partition
      {
        typedef Dune::GridView<DefaultLevelGridViewTraits< const Grid, pitype > > LevelGridView;
        typedef Dune::GridView<DefaultLeafGridViewTraits< const Grid, pitype > > LeafGridView;
      }; // struct Partition

      //! Type of the level index set
      typedef DefaultIndexSet< GridImp, typename Codim< 0 > :: LevelIterator > LevelIndexSetImp;

      //! Type of the leaf index set
      typedef DefaultIndexSet< GridImp, typename Codim< 0 > :: LeafIterator > LeafIndexSetImp;

      typedef IndexSet< Grid, LevelIndexSetImp > LevelIndexSet;
      typedef IndexSet< Grid, LeafIndexSetImp > LeafIndexSet;
      typedef IdSet< Grid, LocalIdSetImp, LocalIdType > LocalIdSet;
      typedef IdSet< Grid, GlobalIdSetImp, GlobalIdType > GlobalIdSet;

      typedef Dune::CollectiveCommunication< Comm > CollectiveCommunication;
    }; // struct Traits

    //! Type of the level index set implementation
    typedef typename Traits :: LevelIndexSetImp LevelIndexSetImp;

    //! Type of the leaf index set implementation
    typedef typename Traits :: LeafIndexSetImp LeafIndexSetImp;

  }; // struct ALU3dGridFamily



  //**********************************************************************
  //
  // --ALU3dGrid
  // --Grid
  //
  //**********************************************************************

  /**
     \brief [<em> provides \ref Dune::Grid </em>]
     \brief 3D grid with support for hexahedrons and tetrahedrons.
     The ALU3dGrid implements the Dune GridInterface for 3d tetrahedral and
     hexahedral meshes. This grid can be locally adapted and used in parallel
     computations using dynamic load balancing.

     @note
     Adaptive parallel grid supporting dynamic load balancing, written
     mainly by Bernard Schupp. This grid supports hexahedrons and tetrahedrons.

     (see ALUGrid homepage: http://www.mathematik.uni-freiburg.de/IAM/Research/alugrid/)

     Two tools are available for partitioning :
     \li Metis ( version 4.0 and higher, see http://glaros.dtc.umn.edu/gkhome/views/metis/metis/ )
     \li ParMETIS ( http://glaros.dtc.umn.edu/gkhome/metis/parmetis/overview )

     For installation instructions see http://www.dune-project.org/external_libraries/install_alugrid.html .
     @author Robert Kloefkorn
   */
  template< ALU3dGridElementType elType, class Comm >
  class ALU3dGrid
    : public GridDefaultImplementation< 3, 3, alu3d_ctype,
          ALU3dGridFamily< elType, Comm > >,
      public HasObjectStream,
      public HasHierarchicIndexSet
  {
    typedef ALU3dGrid< elType, Comm > ThisType;
    typedef GridDefaultImplementation< 3, 3, alu3d_ctype, ALU3dGridFamily< elType, Comm > > BaseType;

    // for compatibility: MyType := ThisType
    typedef ThisType MyType;

    // friend declarations
    friend class ALU3dGridEntity< 0, 3, const ThisType>;
    friend class ALU3dGridEntity< 1, 3, const ThisType>;
    friend class ALU3dGridEntity< 2, 3, const ThisType>;
    friend class ALU3dGridEntity< 3, 3, const ThisType>;

    friend class ALU3dGridIntersectionIterator< ThisType >;

    friend class ALU3dGridEntityPointerBase< 0, const ThisType >;
    friend class ALU3dGridEntityPointerBase< 1, const ThisType >;
    friend class ALU3dGridEntityPointerBase< 2, const ThisType >;
    friend class ALU3dGridEntityPointerBase< 3, const ThisType >;

    friend class ALU3dGridEntityPointer< 0, const ThisType >;
    friend class ALU3dGridEntityPointer< 1, const ThisType >;
    friend class ALU3dGridEntityPointer< 2, const ThisType >;
    friend class ALU3dGridEntityPointer< 3, const ThisType >;

    friend class ALU3dGridIntersectionIterator< const ThisType >;
    friend class ALU3dGridHierarchicIterator< const ThisType >;

    friend class ALU3dGridHierarchicIndexSet< elType, Comm >;
    friend class ALU3dGridGlobalIdSet< elType, Comm >;
    friend class ALU3dGridLocalIdSet< elType, Comm >;

    friend class Conversion< ThisType, HasObjectStream >;
    friend class Conversion< const ThisType, HasObjectStream >;

    friend class Conversion< ThisType, HasHierarchicIndexSet >;
    friend class Conversion< const ThisType, HasHierarchicIndexSet >;

    friend struct ALU3dGridCommHelper< elType, Comm >;

    // new intersection iterator is a wrapper which get itersectioniteratoimp as pointers
  public:
    typedef ALU3dGridIntersectionIterator<const ThisType>
    IntersectionIteratorImp;
    typedef ALU3dGridIntersectionIterator<const ThisType>
    LeafIntersectionIteratorImp;
    typedef ALU3dGridLevelIntersectionIterator<const ThisType>
    LevelIntersectionIteratorImp;

    friend class IntersectionIteratorWrapper < const ThisType, LeafIntersectionIteratorImp > ;
    friend class IntersectionIteratorWrapper < const ThisType, LevelIntersectionIteratorImp > ;
    friend class LeafIntersectionIteratorWrapper < const ThisType > ;
    friend class LevelIntersectionIteratorWrapper< const ThisType > ;

    //**********************************************************
    // The Interface Methods
    //**********************************************************
  public:
    enum { refineStepsForHalf = 1 };

    static const ALU3dGridElementType elementType = elType;
    typedef typename ALU3DSPACE GatherScatterType::ObjectStreamType ObjectStreamType;
    typedef ObjectStreamType InStreamType ;
    typedef ObjectStreamType OutStreamType ;

    typedef ALU3dGridFamily< elType, Comm > GridFamily;
    typedef typename GridFamily::Traits Traits;

    static const int dimension = BaseType::dimension;
    static const int dimensionworld = BaseType::dimensionworld;

  protected:
    typedef MakeableInterfaceObject< typename Traits::template Codim< 0 >::Geometry > GeometryObject;
    friend class ALULocalGeometryStorage< const ThisType, GeometryObject, 8 >;

  public:
    //! Type of the hierarchic index set
    typedef ALU3dGridHierarchicIndexSet< elType, Comm > HierarchicIndexSet;

    //! Type of the level index set, needed by data handle
    typedef typename GridFamily::LevelIndexSetImp LevelIndexSetImp;
    //! Type of the leaf index set, needed by data handle
    typedef typename GridFamily::LeafIndexSetImp LeafIndexSetImp;

    //! reference element type
    typedef ReferenceElement< alu3d_ctype, dimension > ReferenceElementType;

    //! \brief boundary projection type
    typedef typename Traits::DuneBoundaryProjectionType DuneBoundaryProjectionType;
    //! \brief boundary projection type
    typedef typename Traits::DuneBoundaryProjectionVector DuneBoundaryProjectionVector;

    //! type of ALUGrid Vertex Projection Interface
    typedef ALU3DSPACE ProjectVertex ALUGridVertexProjectionType;

    //! type of collective communication object
    typedef typename Traits::CollectiveCommunication CollectiveCommunication;

  public:
    typedef MakeableInterfaceObject<typename Traits::template Codim<0>::Entity> EntityObject;
    typedef MakeableInterfaceObject<typename Traits::template Codim<1>::Entity> FaceObject;
    typedef MakeableInterfaceObject<typename Traits::template Codim<2>::Entity> EdgeObject;
    typedef MakeableInterfaceObject<typename Traits::template Codim<3>::Entity> VertexObject;

    typedef ALUGridObjectFactory< ThisType >  GridObjectFactoryType;

  protected:
    friend class ALUGridBoundaryProjection< ThisType, alu3d_ctype >;
    // type of ALUGrid boundary projection wrapper
    typedef ALUGridBoundaryProjection< ThisType, alu3d_ctype > ALUGridBoundaryProjectionType;

    //! Type of the local id set
    typedef typename GridFamily::LocalIdSetImp LocalIdSetImp;

    typedef typename GridFamily::GlobalIdSetImp GlobalIdSetImp;

  public:
    //! Type of the global id set
    typedef typename Traits::GlobalIdSet GlobalIdSet;

    //! Type of the local id set
    typedef typename Traits::LocalIdSet LocalIdSet;

  protected:
    typedef ALU3dGridLeafIterator< 0, All_Partition, const ThisType > LeafIteratorImp;
    typedef typename Traits::template Codim< 0 >::LeafIterator LeafIteratorType;
    typedef typename Traits::template Codim< 0 >::LeafIterator LeafIterator;

    typedef ALU3dGridHierarchicIterator< const ThisType > HierarchicIteratorImp;

    typedef typename ALU3dImplTraits< elType, Comm >::GitterImplType GitterImplType;

    //! max number of levels
    enum {
      //! \brief maximal number of levels is 32
      MAXL = 32
    };

    //! element chunk for refinement
    enum {
      //! \brief normal default number of new elements for new adapt method
      newElementsChunk_ = 128
    };

    //! upper estimate on number of elements that could be created when a new element is created
    enum {
      /** \brief if one element is refined then it
          causes apporximately not more than
          this number of new elements  */
      refineEstimate_ = 8
    };

  public:
    typedef Comm MPICommunicatorType;

    typedef ALU3dGridCommunications< elType, Comm > Communications;

  protected:
    typedef ALU3dGridVertexList< Comm > VertexListType;
    typedef ALU3dGridLeafVertexList< Comm > LeafVertexListType;

    //! Constructor which reads an ALU3dGrid Macro Triang file
    //! or given GridFile
    ALU3dGrid ( const std::string &macroTriangFilename,
                const MPICommunicatorType mpiComm,
                const DuneBoundaryProjectionType *bndPrj,
                const DuneBoundaryProjectionVector *bndVec,
                const ALUGridRefinementType refinementType );

  public:
    //! \brief Desctructor
    virtual ~ALU3dGrid();

    //! \brief for grid identification
    static inline std::string name ();

    /** \brief  Return maximum level defined in this grid. Levels are numbered
        maxLevel with 0 the coarsest level.
     */
    int maxLevel() const;

    //! Iterator to first entity of given codim on level
    template<int cd, PartitionIteratorType pitype>
    typename Traits::template Codim<cd>::template Partition<pitype>::LevelIterator
    lbegin (int level) const;

    //! one past the end on this level
    template<int cd, PartitionIteratorType pitype>
    typename Traits::template Codim<cd>::template Partition<pitype>::LevelIterator
    lend (int level) const;

    //! Iterator to first entity of given codim on level
    template<int cd>
    typename Traits::template Codim<cd>::
    template Partition<All_Partition>::LevelIterator
    lbegin (int level) const;

    //! one past the end on this level
    template<int cd>
    typename Traits::template Codim<cd>::
    template Partition<All_Partition>::LevelIterator
    lend (int level) const;

  private:
    //! General definiton for a leaf iterator
    template <int codim, PartitionIteratorType pitype>
    typename Traits::template Codim<codim>::template Partition<pitype>::LeafIterator
    leafbegin(int level) const;

    //! General definition for an end iterator on leaf level
    template <int codim, PartitionIteratorType pitype>
    typename Traits::template Codim<codim>::template Partition<pitype>::LeafIterator
    leafend(int level) const;

    //! General definiton for a leaf iterator
    template <int codim>
    typename Traits::template Codim<codim>::LeafIterator
    leafbegin(int level) const;

    //! General definition for an end iterator on leaf level
    template <int codim>
    typename Traits::template Codim<codim>::LeafIterator
    leafend(int level) const;

    //! Iterator to first entity of codim 0 on leaf level (All_Partition)
    LeafIteratorType leafbegin (int level) const;

    //! one past the end on this leaf level (codim 0 and All_Partition)
    LeafIteratorType leafend (int level) const;

    //! Iterator to first entity of codim 0 on leaf level (All_Partition)
    LeafIteratorType leafbegin () const;

    //! one past the end on this leaf level (codim 0 and All_Partition)
    LeafIteratorType leafend () const;

  public:
    //! General definiton for a leaf iterator
    template <int codim, PartitionIteratorType pitype>
    typename Traits::template Codim<codim>::template Partition<pitype>::LeafIterator
    leafbegin() const;

    //! General definition for an end iterator on leaf level
    template <int codim, PartitionIteratorType pitype>
    typename Traits::template Codim<codim>::template Partition<pitype>::LeafIterator
    leafend() const;

    //! General definiton for a leaf iterator
    template <int codim>
    typename Traits::template Codim<codim>::LeafIterator
    leafbegin() const;

    //! General definition for an end iterator on leaf level
    template <int codim>
    typename Traits::template Codim<codim>::LeafIterator
    leafend() const;

  private:
    //! General definiton for a leaf iterator
    template <int codim, PartitionIteratorType pitype>
    typename Traits::template Codim<codim>::template Partition<pitype>::LeafIterator
    createLeafIteratorBegin (int level) const;

    //! General definition for an end iterator on leaf level
    template <int codim, PartitionIteratorType pitype>
    typename Traits::template Codim<codim>::template Partition<pitype>::LeafIterator
    createLeafIteratorEnd(int level) const;

  public:
    //! number of grid entities per level and codim
    int size (int level, int cd) const;

    //! number of leaf entities per codim in this process
    int size (int codim) const;

    //! number of entities per level and geometry type in this process
    int size (int level, GeometryType type) const;

    //! number of boundary segments
    size_t numBoundarySegments() const;

    //! number of leaf entities per geometry type in this process
    int size (GeometryType type) const;

    //! number of grid entities on all levels for given codim
    int global_size (int cd) const ;

    // (no interface method) number of grid entities in the entire grid for given codim
    int hierSetSize (int cd) const;

    //! get global id set of grid
    const GlobalIdSet &globalIdSet () const
    {
      if( !globalIdSet_ )
        globalIdSet_ = new GlobalIdSetImp( *this );
      return *globalIdSet_;
    }

    //! get global id set of grid
    const LocalIdSet & localIdSet () const { return localIdSet_; }

    //! get leaf index set of the grid
    const typename Traits :: LeafIndexSet & leafIndexSet () const;

    //! get level index set of the grid
    const typename Traits :: LevelIndexSet & levelIndexSet (int level) const;

    /** \brief Calculates load of each process and repartition the grid if neccessary.
        For parameters of the load balancing process see the README file
        of the ALUGrid package.
     */
    bool loadBalance ();

    /** \brief Calculates load of each process and repartition the grid if neccessary.
        For parameters of the load balancing process see the README file
        of the ALUGrid package.
       \param data the data handler class that must implement three methods:
          \code
          // calls data inline on macro element. From there the data of
          // all children can be written to the message buffer.
          // MessageBufferImp implements the MessageBufferIF interface.
          template<class MessageBufferImp>
          void inlineData ( MessageBufferImp& buff, Dune::Entity<0> & e);

          // calls data xtract on macro element. From there the data of
          // all children can be restored from the message buffer.
          // numChildren is the number of all children underneath the
          // macro element e.
          // MessageBufferImp implements the MessageBufferIF interface.
          template<class MessageBufferImp>
          void xtractData ( MessageBufferImp& buff, Dune::Entity<0> & e, size_t numChildren );

          // This method is called at the end of the load balancing process
          // before adaptation markers are removed. Here the user can apply
          // a data compression or other features. This method can be
          // empty if nothing should be done.
          void compress ();
          \endcode
     */
    template <class DataHandle>
    bool loadBalance (DataHandle & data);

    template< class DataHandleImpl, class Data >
    bool loadBalance ( CommDataHandleIF< DataHandleImpl, Data > &dataHandle )
    {
      typedef ALUGridLoadBalanceDataHandle< ThisType, DataHandleImpl, Data > LBHandle;
      LBHandle lbHandle( *this, dataHandle );
      return loadBalance( lbHandle );
    }

    /** \brief ghostSize is one for codim 0 and zero otherwise for this grid  */
    int ghostSize (int level, int codim) const;

    /** \brief overlapSize is zero for this grid  */
    int overlapSize (int level, int codim) const { return 0; }

    /** \brief ghostSize is one for codim 0 and zero otherwise for this grid  */
    int ghostSize (int codim) const;

    /** \brief overlapSize is zero for this grid  */
    int overlapSize (int codim) const { return 0; }

    /** \brief @copydoc Dune::Grid::communicate */
    template<class DataHandleImp,class DataTypeImp>
    void communicate (CommDataHandleIF<DataHandleImp,DataTypeImp> & data,
                      InterfaceType iftype, CommunicationDirection dir, int level) const;

    /** \brief Communicate information on distributed entities on the leaf grid.
       Template parameter is a model of Dune::CommDataHandleIF.
     */
    template<class DataHandleImp,class DataTypeImp>
    void communicate (CommDataHandleIF<DataHandleImp,DataTypeImp> & data,
                      InterfaceType iftype, CommunicationDirection dir) const;

  private:
    typedef ALU3DSPACE GatherScatter GatherScatterType;

  public:
    /** \brief @copydoc Dune::Grid::comm() */
    const CollectiveCommunication &comm () const { return communications().ccobj_; }

    //! returns if a least one entity was marked for coarsening
    bool preAdapt ( );

    //! clear all entity new markers
    void postAdapt ( );

    /** \brief  @copydoc Dune::Grid::adapt() */
    bool adapt ();

    /** \brief  @copydoc Dune::Grid::adapt()
        \param handle handler for restriction and prolongation operations
        which is a Model of the AdaptDataHandleInterface class.
     */
    template< class GridImp, class DataHandle >
    bool adapt ( AdaptDataHandleInterface< GridImp, DataHandle > &handle );

    //! uses the interface, mark on entity and refineLocal
    void globalRefine ( int refCount );

    template< class GridImp, class DataHandle >
    void globalRefine ( int refCount, AdaptDataHandleInterface< GridImp, DataHandle > &handle );

    //**********************************************************
    // End of Interface Methods
    //**********************************************************
    /** \brief write Grid to file in specified FileFormatType
     */
    template <GrapeIOFileFormatType ftype>
    bool writeGrid( const std::string filename, alu3d_ctype time ) const ;

    bool writeGrid_Xdr( const std::string filename, alu3d_ctype time ) const ;
    //! write leaf grid in macro grid format to ascii file
    bool writeGrid_Ascii( const std::string filename, alu3d_ctype time, bool scientific = false ) const ;

    /** \brief write macro grid in ALUGrid macro format to path/filename.rank
     */
    bool writeMacroGrid( const std::string path, const std::string filename ) const ;

    /** \brief read Grid from file filename and store time of mesh in time
     */
    template <GrapeIOFileFormatType ftype>
    bool readGrid( const std::string filename, alu3d_ctype & time );

    /** \brief backup to ostream */
    void backup( std::ostream& ) const ;

    /** \brief restore from istream */
    void restore( std::istream& ) ;

    // (no interface method) get hierarchic index set of the grid
    const HierarchicIndexSet & hierarchicIndexSet () const { return hIndexSet_; }

    // set max of given mxl and actual maxLevel
    // for loadBalance
    void setMaxLevel (int mxl);

    // no interface method, but has to be public
    void updateStatus ();

    //! @copydoc Dune::Grid::mark
    bool mark( int refCount , const typename Traits::template Codim<0>::Entity & e);

    //! @copydoc Dune::Grid::getMark
    int getMark( const typename Traits::template Codim<0>::Entity & e) const;

  public:
    static MPICommunicatorType defaultCommunicator ()
    {
      return Communications::defaultComm();
    }

    using BaseType :: getRealImplementation ;

    template< class IntersectionType >
    static const typename BaseType
    :: template ReturnImplementationType< IntersectionType >
    :: ImplementationType &
    getRealIntersection ( const IntersectionType &intersection )
    {
      return getRealImplementation( intersection );
    }

    //! deliver all geometry types used in this grid
    const std::vector<GeometryType>& geomTypes (int codim) const { return geomTypes_[codim]; }

    // return reference to org ALU3dGrid
    // private method, but otherwise we have to friend class all possible
    // types of LevelIterator ==> later
    GitterImplType &myGrid () const;

    virtual GitterImplType *createALUGrid ( const std::string &macroName )
    {
      assert( communications_ );
      return communications_->createALUGrid( macroName, vertexProjection(), conformingRefinement() );
    }

    virtual GitterImplType *createALUGrid ( std::istream& stream )
    {
      assert( communications_ );
      return communications_->createALUGrid( stream, vertexProjection(), conformingRefinement() );
    }

    ALUGridVertexProjectionType* vertexProjection() { return (ALUGridVertexProjectionType *) vertexProjection_; }

    // return appropriate ALUGrid builder
    virtual typename ALU3DSPACE Gitter::Geometric::BuilderIF &getBuilder () const
    {
      return Communications::getBuilder( myGrid() );
    }

    // helper function for factory
    virtual void duneNotifyMacroGridChanges ()
    {
      Communications::duneNotifyMacroGridChanges( myGrid() );
    }

    //! return reference to Dune reference element according to elType
    const ReferenceElementType & referenceElement() const { return referenceElement_; }

    template < class EntitySeed >
    typename Traits :: template Codim< EntitySeed :: codimension > :: EntityPointer
    entityPointer( const EntitySeed& seed ) const
    {
      enum { codim = EntitySeed :: codimension };
      typedef ALU3dGridEntityPointer < codim, const ThisType > ALUPointer ;
      return ALUPointer( factory(), seed ) ;
    }

    // number of links to other processors, for internal use only
    int nlinks () const { return communications().nlinks(); }

    LeafVertexListType & getLeafVertexList() const
    {
      if( !leafVertexList_.up2Date() ) leafVertexList_.setupVxList(*this);
      return leafVertexList_;
    }

    int getLevelOfLeafVertex ( const typename ALU3dImplTraits< elType, Comm >::VertexType &vertex ) const
    {
      assert( leafVertexList_.up2Date() );
      return leafVertexList_.getLevel(vertex);
    }

    VertexListType & getVertexList(int level) const
    {
      assert( level >= 0 );
      assert( level <= maxLevel() );
      VertexListType & vxList = vertexList_[level];
      if(!vxList.up2Date()) vxList.setupVxList(*this,level);
      return vxList;
    }

    ALU3dGridItemListType & getGhostLeafList(int codim) const
    {
      assert( codim >= 1 );
      assert( codim <= 3 );
      return ghostLeafList_[codim-1];
    }

    ALU3dGridItemListType & getGhostLevelList(int codim, int level) const
    {
      assert( codim >= 1 );
      assert( codim <= 3 );

      assert( level >= 0 );
      assert( level <= maxLevel() );
      return ghostLevelList_[codim-1][level];
    }

    ALU3dGridItemListType & getEdgeList(int level) const
    {
      assert( level >= 0 );
      assert( level <= maxLevel() );
      return levelEdgeList_[level];
    }

  protected:
    //! Copy constructor should not be used
    ALU3dGrid( const ThisType & );

    //! assignment operator should not be used
    const ThisType &operator= ( const ThisType & );

    //! reset size and global size, update Level- and LeafIndexSet, if they exist
    void calcExtras();

    //! calculate maxlevel
    void calcMaxLevel();

    //! make grid walkthrough and calc global size
    void recalcGlobalSize();

    //! check whether macro grid format is of our type
    void checkMacroGridFile (const std::string filename);

    //! check whether macro grid has the right element type
    void checkMacroGrid ();

    //! return boudanry projection for given segment Id
    const DuneBoundaryProjectionType* boundaryProjection(const int segmentIndex) const
    {
      if( bndPrj_ )
      {
        return bndPrj_;
      }
      else
      {
        // pointer can be zero (which is emulates the identity mapping then)
        assert( bndVec_ );
        assert( segmentIndex < (int) bndVec_->size() );
        return (*bndVec_)[ segmentIndex ];
      }
    }

    const Communications &communications () const
    {
      assert( communications_ );
      return *communications_;
    }

    const GridObjectFactoryType& factory() const {
#ifdef USE_SMP_PARALLEL
      assert( (int) factoryVec_.size() > GridObjectFactoryType :: threadNumber() );
      return factoryVec_[ GridObjectFactoryType :: threadNumber() ];
#else
      return factory_;
#endif
    }

  public:
    // return true if conforming refinement is enabled
    bool conformingRefinement() const
    {
      return (refinementType_ == conforming) ;
    }

    // return true if ghost cells are available
    bool ghostCellsEnabled () const
    {
#ifdef ALUGRID_3D_CONFORMING_REFINEMENT
      return myGrid().ghostCellsEnabled();
#else
      return true ;
#endif
    }
  protected:
    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Internal variables
    //
    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    // the real ALU grid
    mutable GitterImplType *mygrid_;

    // max level of grid
    int maxlevel_;

    // count how much elements where marked
    mutable int coarsenMarked_;
    mutable int refineMarked_;

    // at the moment the number of different geom types is 1
    enum { numberOfGeomTypes = 1 };
    std::vector< std::vector<GeometryType> > geomTypes_;

    // our hierarchic index set
    HierarchicIndexSet hIndexSet_;

    // out global id set
    mutable GlobalIdSetImp *globalIdSet_;

    // out global id set
    LocalIdSetImp localIdSet_;

    // the level index set ( default type )
    mutable std::vector < LevelIndexSetImp * > levelIndexVec_;

    // the leaf index set
    mutable LeafIndexSetImp * leafIndexSet_;

    // the reference element
    const ReferenceElementType& referenceElement_;

    mutable VertexListType vertexList_[MAXL];

    mutable ALU3dGridItemListType ghostLeafList_[ dimension ];
    mutable ALU3dGridItemListType ghostLevelList_[ dimension ][MAXL];

    mutable ALU3dGridItemListType levelEdgeList_[MAXL];

    mutable LeafVertexListType leafVertexList_;

    // the type of our size cache
    typedef SizeCache<MyType> SizeCacheType;
    SizeCacheType * sizeCache_;

#ifdef USE_SMP_PARALLEL
    std::vector< GridObjectFactoryType > factoryVec_;
#else
    GridObjectFactoryType factory_;
#endif

    // variable to ensure that postAdapt ist called after adapt
    bool lockPostAdapt_;

    // pointer to Dune boundary projection
    const DuneBoundaryProjectionType* bndPrj_;

    // pointer to Dune boundary projection
    const DuneBoundaryProjectionVector* bndVec_;

    // boundary projection for vertices
    ALUGridBoundaryProjectionType* vertexProjection_ ;

    // pointer to communications object
    Communications *communications_;

    // refinement type (nonconforming or conforming)
    const ALUGridRefinementType refinementType_ ;
  }; // end class ALU3dGrid


  bool checkMacroGrid ( ALU3dGridElementType elType ,
                        const std::string filename );
  const char* elType2Name( ALU3dGridElementType elType );

  namespace Capabilities
  {

    template< ALU3dGridElementType elType, class Comm, int cdim >
    struct hasEntity< Dune::ALU3dGrid< elType, Comm >, cdim >
    {
      static const bool v = true;
    };

    template< ALU3dGridElementType elType, class Comm >
    struct isParallel< ALU3dGrid< elType, Comm > >
    {
      static const bool v = true;
    };

    template< ALU3dGridElementType elType, class Comm >
    struct isLevelwiseConforming< ALU3dGrid< elType, Comm > >
    {
      static const bool v = true;
    };

    template< ALU3dGridElementType elType, class Comm >
    struct hasBackupRestoreFacilities< ALU3dGrid< elType, Comm > >
    {
      static const bool v = true;
    };

  } // end namespace Capabilities

} // end namespace Dune

#include "grid_inline.hh"
#if COMPILE_ALUGRID_INLINE
  #include "grid_imp.cc"
#endif
#endif
