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Selenium RC is a test tool that allows you to write automated user-interface tests for web applications in any programming language against any HTTP website using any mainstream browser. It uses Selenium Core, a library that performs automated browser tasks using JavaScript. Selenium tests run directly in a browser, just as real users do. These tests can be used for both acceptance testing (by performing higher-level tests on the integrated system instead of just testing each unit of the system independently) and browser compatibility testing (by testing the web application on different operating systems and browsers).
Let us take a look at how Selenium RC is installed:
server/selenium-server.jar
to /usr/local/bin
, for instance.java -jar /usr/local/bin/selenium-server.jar
.Now we can send commands to the Selenium RC server using its client/server protocol.
The PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
test case
extension implements the client/server protocol to talk to Selenium RC as
well as specialized assertion methods for web testing.
Example 18.1 shows
how to test the contents of the <title>
element of the http://www.example.com/
website.
Example 18.1: Usage example for PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php';
class WebTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
{
protected function setUp()
{
$this->setBrowser('*firefox');
$this->setBrowserUrl('http://www.example.com/');
}
public function testTitle()
{
$this->open('http://www.example.com/');
$this->assertTitle('Example WWW Page');
}
}
?>
phpunit WebTest
PHPUnit 3.4.2 by Sebastian Bergmann.
F
Time: 5 seconds
There was 1 failure:
1) testTitle(WebTest)
Current URL: http://www.example.com/
Failed asserting that two strings are equal.
expected string <Example WWW Page>
difference < xx>
got string <Example Web Page>
/home/sb/WebTest.php:30
FAILURES!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 1, Failures: 1.
Unlike with the PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
class,
test case classes that extend PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
have to provide a setUp()
method. This method is used
to configure the Selenium RC session. See
Table 18.1
for the list of methods that are available for this.
Table 18.1. Selenium RC API: Setup
Method | Meaning |
---|---|
void setBrowser(string $browser) | Set the browser to be used by the Selenium RC server. |
void setBrowserUrl(string $browserUrl) | Set the base URL for the tests. |
void setHost(string $host) | Set the hostname for the connection to the Selenium RC server. |
void setPort(int $port) | Set the port for the connection to the Selenium RC server. |
void setTimeout(int $timeout) | Set the timeout for the connection to the Selenium RC server. |
void setSleep(int $seconds) | Set the number of seconds the Selenium RC client should sleep between sending action commands to the Selenium RC server. |
PHPUnit can optionally capture a screenshot when a Selenium test fails. To
enable this, set $captureScreenshotOnFailure
,
$screenshotPath
, and $screenshotUrl
in your test case class as shown in
Example 18.2.
Example 18.2: Capturing a screenshot when a test fails
<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php';
class WebTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
{
protected $captureScreenshotOnFailure = TRUE;
protected $screenshotPath = '/var/www/localhost/htdocs/screenshots';
protected $screenshotUrl = 'http://localhost/screenshots';
protected function setUp()
{
$this->setBrowser('*firefox');
$this->setBrowserUrl('http://www.example.com/');
}
public function testTitle()
{
$this->open('http://www.example.com/');
$this->assertTitle('Example WWW Page');
}
}
?>
phpunit WebTest
PHPUnit 3.4.2 by Sebastian Bergmann.
F
Time: 5 seconds
There was 1 failure:
1) testTitle(WebTest)
Current URL: http://www.example.com/
Screenshot: http://localhost/screenshots/6c8e1e890fff864bd56db436cd0f309e.png
Failed asserting that two strings are equal.
expected string <Example WWW Page>
difference < xx>
got string <Example Web Page>
/home/sb/WebTest.php:30
FAILURES!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 1, Failures: 1.
You can run each test using a set of browsers: Instead of using
setBrowser()
to set up one browser you declare a
public static
array named $browsers
in your test case class. Each item in this array describes one browser
configuration. Each of these browsers can be hosted by different
Selenium RC servers.
Example 18.3 shows
an example.
Example 18.3: Setting up multiple browser configurations
<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php';
class WebTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
{
public static $browsers = array(
array(
'name' => 'Firefox on Linux',
'browser' => '*firefox',
'host' => 'my.linux.box',
'port' => 4444,
'timeout' => 30000,
),
array(
'name' => 'Safari on MacOS X',
'browser' => '*safari',
'host' => 'my.macosx.box',
'port' => 4444,
'timeout' => 30000,
),
array(
'name' => 'Safari on Windows XP',
'browser' => '*custom C:\Program Files\Safari\Safari.exe -url',
'host' => 'my.windowsxp.box',
'port' => 4444,
'timeout' => 30000,
),
array(
'name' => 'Internet Explorer on Windows XP',
'browser' => '*iexplore',
'host' => 'my.windowsxp.box',
'port' => 4444,
'timeout' => 30000,
)
);
protected function setUp()
{
$this->setBrowserUrl('http://www.example.com/');
}
public function testTitle()
{
$this->open('http://www.example.com/');
$this->assertTitle('Example Web Page');
}
}
?>
PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
can collect code
coverage information for tests run through Selenium:
PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase/phpunit_coverage.php
into your webserver's document root directory.php.ini
configuration file, configure PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase/prepend.php
and PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase/append.php
as the auto_prepend_file
and auto_append_file
, respectively.PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
, use protected $coverageScriptUrl = 'http://host/phpunit_coverage.php';
to configure the URL for the phpunit_coverage.php
script.
Table 18.2 lists the
various assertion methods that PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
provides.
Table 18.2. Assertions
Assertion | Meaning |
---|---|
void assertElementValueEquals(string $locator, string $text) | Reports an error if the value of the element identified by $locator is not equal to the given $text . |
void assertElementValueNotEquals(string $locator, string $text) | Reports an error if the value of the element identified by $locator is equal to the given $text . |
void assertElementValueContains(string $locator, string $text) | Reports an error if the value of the element identified by $locator does not contain the given $text . |
void assertElementValueNotContains(string $locator, string $text) | Reports an error if the value of the element identified by $locator contains the given $text . |
void assertElementContainsText(string $locator, string $text) | Reports an error if the element identified by $locator does not contain the given $text . |
void assertElementNotContainsText(string $locator, string $text) | Reports an error if the element identified by $locator contains the given $text . |
void assertSelectHasOption(string $selectLocator, string $option) | Reports an error if the given option is not available. |
void assertSelectNotHasOption(string $selectLocator, string $option) | Reports an error if the given option is available. |
void assertSelected($selectLocator, $option) | Reports an error if the given label is not selected. |
void assertNotSelected($selectLocator, $option) | Reports an error if the given label is selected. |
void assertIsSelected(string $selectLocator, string $value) | Reports an error if the given value is not selected. |
void assertIsNotSelected(string $selectLocator, string $value) | Reports an error if the given value is selected. |
Table 18.3 shows
the template method of PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
:
Table 18.3. Template Methods
Method | Meaning |
---|---|
void defaultAssertions() | Override to perform assertions that are shared by all tests of a test case. This method is called after each command that is sent to the Selenium RC server. |
Please refer to the documentation of Selenium commands for a reference of the commands available and how they are used.
Using the runSelenese($filename)
method, you can also
run a Selenium test from its Selenese/HTML specification. Furthermore,
using the static attribute $seleneseDirectory
, you can
automatically create test objects from a directory that contains
Selenese/HTML files. The specified directory is recursively searched for
.htm
files that are expected to contain Selenese/HTML.
Example 18.4 shows an
example.
Example 18.4: Use a directory of Selenese/HTML files as tests
<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php';
class SeleneseTests extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase
{
public static $seleneseDirectory = '/path/to/files';
}
?>
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assertArrayHasKey()
assertClassHasAttribute()
assertClassHasStaticAttribute()
assertContains()
assertContainsOnly()
assertEqualXMLStructure()
assertEquals()
assertFalse()
assertFileEquals()
assertFileExists()
assertGreaterThan()
assertGreaterThanOrEqual()
assertLessThan()
assertLessThanOrEqual()
assertNull()
assertObjectHasAttribute()
assertRegExp()
assertSame()
assertSelectCount()
assertSelectEquals()
assertSelectRegExp()
assertStringEndsWith()
assertStringEqualsFile()
assertStringStartsWith()
assertTag()
assertThat()
assertTrue()
assertType()
assertXmlFileEqualsXmlFile()
assertXmlStringEqualsXmlFile()
assertXmlStringEqualsXmlString()
Copyright © 2005-2010 Sebastian Bergmann.